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Bulletin No. 27 - Summer 2007
VirologyFoot-and-Mouth Disease
PATON DJ, VALARCHER JF, BERGMANN I, MATLHO OG, ZAKHAROV VM, PALMA EL, THOMSON GR
Selection of foot and mouth disease vaccine strains. A review.
Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE, 2005, Volume 24, N°3, 981-993
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) remains an issue and a major constraint for international trade for several reasons: it is highly contagious, the antigenic differences between the existing serotypes are such that no cross-protection can be developed, several parts of the world have not achieved the FMD free status yet. This paper focuses on how FMD vaccine strains are currently managed on the world scale. The various steps for the selection of the most appropriate vaccine strain against a particular field virus in terms of potency and antigenic match are described, as well as the so-called "vaccine matching tests" and the evaluation of the antigenic relationship between field isolate and vaccine strain (r value indicator). The potential failures of these tests are also discussed, in particular the lack of standardization between the various methods and laboratories. For an improved surveillance of FMDV, the authors claim more funding, coordination and availability of information. The need for continuous collection and characterization of FMDV circulating worldwide in order to improve the efficiency of the selection of FMD vaccine strains is underlined. Both the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) are asked to commit themselves to developing new solutions to the current imperfections of such a process.
