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Complete volumes Individual papers fron vols. 42-48
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| Refereed Section |
1. THE EFFECT OF CHROMIUM TRIPICOLINATE ON SOME REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF THE SOW IN LARGE COMMERCIAL HERDS p.12-21
by D. Baumann and G. Bilkei
Abstract
The trial was conducted in a large breeding company, with eight identical 600-sow units, each with the same breeding stock, facility design, equipment, nutrition and management. The purpose of the trial was to examine the effect of supplemental organic chromium on the productivity of sows. Based on the reproductive performance over a 6-month pre-test period, the units were assigned to one of the two dietary treatment groups:
Organic chromium treatment over a period of 12 months, after a 6-month preloading start-up feeding of chromium tripicolinate (200ppb).
Untreated controls
The reproductive performance was evaluated over a 12-month period. The units fed the dietary organic chromium supplementation showed the following results at the end of the 12-month period when compared to the non-treated controls; improved farrowing rate (1.68%, P=0.21); percentage of sows bred within 7 days post-weaning improved by 2.63% (P=0.08); wean to service intervals by 0.54 days (P=0.21); total born piglets by 0.23 (P=0.15); and 0.37 more piglets were born alive (P=0.02). Stillbirths increased by 0.11 (P= 0.64); but piglets weaned per litter improved by 0.51 (P=0.02); pigs per sow per year increased by 0.79 (P=0.19) in the chromium treated group of units when compared to the non-treated control and culling rate showed a 1.46% improvement (P=0.33).
Clinical implications
It is the opinion of the authors that, for managers seeking to maximise sow productivity, the use of added dietary organic chromium is warranted.Order:
2. EVALUATION OF BIOSECURITY PROTOCOLS TO PREVENT MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF TRANSMISSIBLE GASTRO-ENTERITIS VIRUS OF SWINE BY PORK PRODUCTION UNIT PERSONNEL p.22-33
by R.M. Alvarez, S.F. Amass, C.D. Anderson, D. Ragland, L.A. Grote, C.A. Dowell, L.K. Clark, G.W. Stevenson and P.M. Spicer
Abstract
Two biosecurity regimens were tested for their ability to prevent mechanical transmission of transmissible gastro-enteritis virus of swine (TGEV) by people. One-hundred-and-twenty-five, four-week-old pigs, serologically negative for TGEV were randomly allocated to five isolation rooms at Purdue University. Twenty pigs in one room were inoculated with TGEV (Group A). One caretaker moved from inoculated pigs to rooms of susceptible pigs without using biosecurity procedures (Group B), after hand washing and changing outerwear (Group C), or after showering and changing outerwear (Group D). The caretaker was in direct contact with pigs and their secretions and excretions for 10 minutes, twice daily, for 15 days. Negative controls were cared for by a separate caretaker (Group E).
Inoculated pigs and pigs cared for without using biosecurity procedures developed clinical signs of TGEV infection. Pigs cared for after hand washing and changing outerwear or showering and changing outerwear, and negative control pigs all remained clinically normal and tested negative for TGEV. Under conditions of this study, a caretaker acted as a mechanical vector for the transmission of TGEV. Washing hands and changing into clean outerwear or showering and changing into clean outerwear, after being in contact with TGEV-infected pigs, prevented mechanical transmission of TGEV to susceptible pigs.Order:
3. NEONATAL VACCINATION FOR MYCOPLASMA HYOPNEUMONIAE AND POST-WEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME: A FIELD TRIAL p.34-41
by G.M. Allan, F. McNeilly, I. McNair, M. O’Connor, B. Meehan, D. Gilpin, J. Ellis, H. Townsend, C. Lasagna, G. Boriosi and S. Krakowka
Abstract
A field study on the effects of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination of piglets on a farm with a severe post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) problem is reported. This farm had suffered >25% losses, for several months prior to initiation of this study. Vaccination of piglets in the first and fourth week of life with a commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine was initiated on this farm in 1996, 39 months before PMWS problems were seen.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination was withdrawn from approximately 50% of the piglets born (n= 696) over a 4 months period and losses due to deaths and wasted pigs in vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals recorded. Immuno-staining of tissue sections from dead pigs for PCV2 antigen and quantitative PCV2 virus isolation studies were carried out on tissues from selected pigs. In non-vaccinated animals, losses due to deaths and wasted pigs were reduced in 4 of the 5 groups studied. PCV2 antigen and infectious virus were demonstrated in association with lesions in the majority of dead and wasted pigs examined in this study.Order:
| Proceedings Section |
This section includes the Proceedings of the Pig Veterinary Society meeting held at Bosworth Hall Hotel, Market Bosworth, Warwickshire, on 3rd and 4th May 2001 INSEMINATION OF SOWS AT KNOWN TIME POINTS RELATIVE TO OVULATION p.42-52
by A. Dawson and A.R. Peters
Abstract
Methods of ultrasonography and their use in sow pregnancy diagnosis are discussed by the authors. Difficulties in predicting an optimum insemination time are related to the variability of oestrus and ovulation. This paper looks at the effect of time interval between AI, or mating, and ovulation on production parameters, including subsequent litter size. Materials and methods are concisely set out. Results confirm that spermatozoa remain viable in the sow’s reproductive tract for at least 50 hours. Further, that the time of AI whether at 50 hours prior to, or 4 hours post-ovulation, had no effect on litter size. Also that AIs closer to ovulation did not lead to greater overall yield of pigs.Order:
A CASE:CONTROL STUDY OF PMWS AND PDNS p.53-60
by A.J.C. Cook, S.R. Pascoe, A.C.J. Gresham and J.W. Wilesmith
Abstract
A case: control study of PDNS/PMWS was carried out on 74 case and 71 control farms in the UK. These farms were recruited by contacting their veterinary surgeons. A wide range of potential risk factors was investigated and those that were significantly associated with either disease were included into a multi-variate model. The results showed that PDNS and PMWS are strongly associated. Risk of PDNS/PMWS was significantly greater on farms in close proximity to other affected farms. Larger farms and those that purchased greater numbers of replacement breeding stock were more likely to report PDNS/PMWS. No significant association between any other infectious condition and the presence of PDNS/PMWS was detected, although the data suggested that salmonella may be isolated more frequently from case farms. No other statistically significant feed or management related risk factors were detected. However, this may have been due to the low numbers of farms that reported certain practices or to the uniformity of the case and control farms in the study with respect to other risk factors, such as weaning age. These results are consistent with an infectious aetiology for PDNS/PMWS.Order:
3. MASTITIS, METRITIS AND AGALACTIA p.61-65
by R. Harvey
Abstract
Mastitis, metritis and agalactia (MMA) are seen as a complex syndrome of uncertain aetiology occurring in sows 1-3 days after parturition. Affected sows invariably recover, often without treatment, but starvation and increased mortality are seen in the nursing litter, together with lower weaning weights. The main predisposing factors are poor hygiene around farrowing, overweight sows and excessive feeding before farrowing. Treatment of affected individuals with oxytocin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and a variety of antibiotics are usually effective. Correction of the main predisposing factors is obviously a more satisfactory approach.Order:
4. PORCINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX WHAT IS IT AND WHY DOES IT REMAIN A PROBLEM? p.66-70
by E.L. Thacker
Abstract
Recent investigations into the causes and control of swine dysentery disease at Iowa State University are outlined by the author. The co-relationships of viruses and bacteria in this porcine disease complex are highlighted in these studies. Particular reference is made to the severity and duration of pneumonia induced by the interaction of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and PRRS virus on the one hand and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on the other. The author emphasises the need for further understanding of all the pathogens involved in this complex, so that effective diagnostic and intervention strategies can be evolved.Order:
5. ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE THE POLITICS p.71-80
by J. Walters
Abstract
The author, in his own easy readable style, describes the intervention of politicians and others in the world of animal disease and treatments. It is an informative, forthright and deliberately provocative paper intended to lift the lid on decisions taken at National and European level. As such, it is an essential ‘read’ for members seeking some enlightenment on this important, if sensitive, subject.Order:
6. THE DISPENSING REVIEW p.81-95
by J.S. Marsh
Abstract
This paper concerns itself with the use and distribution of drugs within the veterinary sector and, more widely, through other existing agencies. In detail, it describes the work and conclusions of a Review Group, of which the author was a prominent member, expressly set up to assess the present methods of dispensing in the UK and various other countries, with a view to influencing possible future trends.Order:
7. FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE 2001: IMPRESSIONS FROM THE DISEASE EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE (DECC) p.96-108
by Dr. S.H. Done, Veterinary laboratories Agency
Abstract
This paper gives a detailed ‘blow-by-blow’ account of the Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) epidemic, which has gripped the UK since the turn of the year. The author, as one on the ‘inside,’ puts the case for the control measures adopted by the erstwhile Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). Its purpose was to provide a discussion document for the Spring Meeting of the Pig Veterinary Society and focus attention on the current epidemic.Order:
8. THE PATHOLOGY QUIZ p.109-119
by Dr. S.H. Done, Veterinary laboratories Agency, UK. Photos and Questions
9. PRRS: VACCINATION WITH A KILLED VACCINE - FIELD EXPERIENCE p.120-137
(Paper presented at PVS Meeting, May 2001) by F. Joisel, G. Reynaud, C. Charreyre and J-B. Herin
Abstract
The effects of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) on breeding herds in France are described. Various aspects of its epidemiology and its immunological responses are touched on, together with means of diagnosis and methods of control. In particular, reference is made to a large-scale vaccination trial carried out over a one- and-a-half year period in the Bretagne and Loire regions of France. The value and efficacy of the inactivated PRRS vaccine Merial:Progressis is assessed and detailed results of its use in the trials are set out. Overall, the authors ascribe definite benefits to its use in breeding herds on a continued basis. Sample photos and questionsOrder:
10. FIELD EVALUATION OF MARBOCYL® 2% IN THE TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN FATTENING PIGS p.138-141
(Paper presented at PVS Meeting, November 1999) by E. Grandmange, P. Pommier, A. Keita and E. Pagot
Abstract
The merits of Marbocyl, a new fluoroquinolone, in the treatment of respiratory diseases, are discussed. A field trial in France compares its safety and effectiveness with that of enrofloxacin. Results would suggest that Marbocyl was marginally a more efficient treatment, with overall faster recovery rates, fewer relapses and slightly better weight gains.Order:
| Clinical Club |
1. THE ROLE OF MYCOTOXINS IN PMWS FACT OR FICTION p.142-147
by D.G.S. Burch and C. Rowsell
Abstract
It has been postulated that mycotoxins may play a role in the development of porcine circovirus type 2 (PMWS), as the main infectious agent associated with the disease, was found well before the disease syndrome started, while the development of the syndrome coincided with a number of wet harvests in the UK. There was an increase in the incidence of fusarium ear blight at this time. However, a representative survey (320 samples) of grain production in the UK taken in early 2000 showed that the incidence of deoxynivalenol was high (88%), although all samples were below the acceptable target level for grains of 750ppb. The detectable incidence of ochratoxin A was lower at 16%; but 3.4% of samples were over the acceptable limit of 5ppb. The pattern of detection across the country did not correlate with the disproportionate reported incidence of the disease of 88% of cases in East Anglia and zero in Scotland, where the incidence of ochratoxin A was the highest. It is considered that other factors, possibly husbandry practices in East Anglia, may be of more significance in the development of the disease syndromeOrder:
2. PMWS CAN BE MILD AND TRANSIENT p.148-149
by M.E.C. White
Abstract
Outbreaks of Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS), mild in terms of symptoms and of short duration, have occurred in the Humberside area of Great Britain. The author records details of such cases and comments on their implications for monitoring this disease.Order:
3. CHRONIC CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING IN WEANERS p.150-151
by D.S. Jennings
Abstract
A chronic incidence of Carbon Monoxide poisoning in weaners is recorded by the author. The background and levels of Carboxyhaemaglobin are assessed.Order:
| General Section |
SYNOPSIS OF PAPERS FROM THE 10TH MEETING OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION .OF VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS SALSOMAGGIORE, ITALY, July 4-7th, 2001 p.152
by S.H. Done
SPONSORS' PAPERS
PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME: AN UPDATE WITH REGARD TO VACCINATION p.159
(Paper presented to Dutch PVS, January 2001) by S.H. Done
Abstract
This paper provides an update on some features of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in a context of recently available vaccines for the control of PRRS. Of particular importance in this context are the spread of the virus, the occurrence of strains and isolates, the persistence of the virus, the possibilities for recombination and actual experiences with the vaccines and, lastly, some comments on the Danish experience with vaccination. The European and North American situations are completely different.
This paper was given to the Dutch Pig Veterinary Association in conjuction with Intervet International (Boxmeer) at Hoenderloo on January 9th and Vught on
January 11th 2001, The Netherlands.
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