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Pig Journal Volume: 56
Publication date: November 2005

Refereed Section

PHARMACOKINETICS AND TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF HIGH DOSES OF AMIKACIN IN PIGS
H. Sumano, L. Gutierrez, L. Ocampo and C. Velazquez

Abstract
The pharmacokinetic variables for amikacin in pigs were determined after administration of amikacine sulphate either intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM) at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for three days. Amikacin concentrations at time zero and maximum serum concentrations were 166.3 ? 1.3 ?/mL and 135.4 ? 0.4 ?/mL, respectively. The elimination half-life remained unchanged during the three days of administration (T?? = 1.58 ? 0.05 h for the IV route and T?? = 1.89 ? 0.05 h for the IM route). Apparent volumes of distribution suggest limited distribution out of the central compartment (VdAUC = 0.460 L/kg; Vdc = 3.0 L; and Vdss = 0.120 L/kg), but a high plasma concentration gradient to tissue may facilitate greater tissue concentrations. Bioavailability after IM administration was 115%, a convenient feature for the treatment of pigs. Serum profiles of urea, creatinine, albumin, electrolytes and pH, as well as macroscopic and histopathologic analysis, after 3-day treatment with amikacin at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day IM, revealed no detectable changes. Considering that amikacin has an important antibacterial effect vs Gram-negative bacteria and that pneumonic diseases in pigs tend to be caused by these type of bacteria, these results suggest a single-daily large dose of amikacin for future clinical trials in outbreaks of bacterial diseases caused by Gram-negative micro-organisms in pigs.

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