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Pig Journal Volume: 57
Publication date: May 2006

Refereed Section

THE ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE IN THE PIG
S. Llamas Moya, L.A. Boyle, P.B. Lynch and S. Arkins

Abstract
The acute phase response is a prominent and systemic reaction elicited by infection, inflammation, tissue injury, trauma or immunological disorders.  Pro-inflammatory cytokines are signalling molecules synthesised by immune cells, which initiate the immunological response, stimulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and elicit the hepatic acute phase response.  These alterations in the synthetic activity of the liver will result in changes in the concentration of specific plasma proteins, named acute phase proteins.  Acute phase proteins help in the repair, recovery of tissue and limitation of damage caused by infection or inflammation.  Glucocorticoids, the end product of HPA axis activation, are responsible for the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Inflammatory processes and infection with several pathogens can elicit the acute phase response in pigs.  Hence, pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins can be used as biomarkers of poor health and welfare in pigs.

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