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Pig Journal Volume: 51
Publication date: June 2003

Refereed Section

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND ATTEMPTED CONTROL OF PMWS AND PDNS IN EUROPEAN PIG HERDS - A REVIEW
S.A. Chadd

Abstract
Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) and Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome (PDNS) are recognised as two diseases of current major international importance, with recorded outbreaks reaching epidemic proportions in post-weaned pig herds in recent times. The aetiology of PMWS and PDNS remains the focus of much research enquiry and Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) has been identified as the most likely causative pathogenic agent. It is thought probable that the virus is ubiquitous throughout the world. However, despite its occurrence in the herd, a substantial number of herds do not exhibit any clinical evidence of the disease. The mechanism of how vertical and/or lateral viral transmission occurs is not fully understood, although birds are considered a possible vector for the latter.
???? It is hypothesised by several researchers that other factors are required to induce clinical expression of disease such as additional viral burden (e.g. PRRS), other infectious agents (bacterial overload), immune modulations (stimulation) and associated environmental factors. Differential diagnosis of PMWS and PDNS on-farm is assisted by a fairly precise age distribution associated with the conditions. Porcine Dermatitis and Nephropathy Syndrome outbreaks, observed in older pigs (11-14 weeks) tend to follow PMWS (6-8 weeks) rather than precede them. In the absence of an effective vaccine, control measures are based on generic management changes targeted at reducing disease challenge and potential predisposing factors. The prospects for 'serum therapy' are considered.

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