TYLVALOSIN, A MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC, NHIBITS THE IN-VITRO REPLICATION OF EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS (PRRS) VIRUSES
A.D. STUART, T.D.K. BROWN and A.P.A. MOCKETT

Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an arterivirus that infects principally alveolar macrophages. In-vitro, the virus can be grown in selected simian cell lines, such as MA104. The macrolide antibiotics tylvalosin, tilmicosin and tylosin were tested for their ability to inhibit the replication of this virus in MA104 cells. The authors' results showed that tylvalosin and, to some extent, tilmicosin were anti-viral. Tylosin showed no anti-viral properties. PRRSV infection requires a low pH step in endosomes. We have shown that tylvalosin is able to raise endosomal pH and this may be an important mechanism by which it inhibits PRRSV replication, although other factors may also be involved.

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