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Vaccination
Management
Disease Information
A PMWS update (Jake Waddilove)
ABOUT PMWS & PDNS
National Pork Board PMWS Fact Sheet
About PDNS (Jake Waddilive)
CEI Emerging Disease Notices: PMWS / PDNS
Conference and meetings archive
Case Histories
Yorkshire Farm, UK - Mike Muirhead - Final Update, June 2002
Mike Muirhead's case history of a Yorkshire farm with PMWS and PDNS.
 
East Anglia Farm, UK - Philip Richardson
This paper charts the course and effects of the disease on a single herd as well as highlighting the economic impact.
Photographs
Clinical signs
Photos of the clinical signs that are seen generally in pigs with PMWS and PDNS. Includes skin lesions, enlarged lymph glands, wasting and dead pigs.
 
Post mortem (1)
Photos of the signs that are seen in post-mortem samples of pigs with PMWS and PDNS. Includes interstitial pneumonia, secondary bacterial infection, enlarged lymph nodes, oedema and intra cytoplasmic inclusions
 
Post mortem (2)
More Photos of the signs that are seen in post-mortem samples of pigs with PMWS and PDNS.


PMWS Research Archives

Published Tuesday, November 01, 2005: J Interferon Cytokine Res. - 25(11):684-93
Enhancement of porcine circovirus 2 replication in porcine cell lines by IFN-gamma before and after treatment and by IFN-alpha after treatment.
Meerts P, Misinzo G, Nauwynck HJ.
Stimulation of the porcine immune system causes increased replication of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in vivo. In the present study, we investigated whether various cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interferon-alpha [IFN-alpha], and IFN-gamma) are able to influence PCV2 infection in vitro. No changes were observed in IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, or IL-10-treated cells. However, it was demonstrated that IFN- alpha and IFN-gamma influenced PCV2 infection in porcine kidney cells (PK-15) and porcine monocytic cells (3D4/31). IFN-gamma added to the culture medium before, during, or after inoculation increased the number of PCV2 antigen- positive cells, respectively, by 418%, 171%, and 691% in PK-15 cells and by 706%, 114%, and 423% in 3D4/31 cells. IFN-alpha pretreatment decreased the number of infected PK-15 cells. When it was added after inoculation, IFN-alpha enhanced PCV2 infection by 529% in PK-15 cells and by 308% in 3D4/31 cells. The effect of both IFNs on PCV2 infection was dose dependent and could be blocked with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma neutralizing antibodies. Leukocyte-derived porcine IFN-gamma induced a similar effect on PCV2 infection. Treatment of PK- 15 cultures with IFN-gamma caused a 20 times higher production of progeny virus. Confocal microscopy studies showed that the enhancing effect of IFN-gamma on PCV2 infection was achieved by increased internalization of PCV2 virionlike particles (VLPs). Binding of the VLPs to the cell or expression kinetics of PCV2 proteins in infected cells were not altered by IFN-gamma treatment. To our knowledge, this study reports the first enhancement of a viral infection by treatment with type I or type II IFNs.

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