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Vaccination
Management
Disease Information
A PMWS update (Jake Waddilove)
ABOUT PMWS & PDNS
National Pork Board PMWS Fact Sheet
About PDNS (Jake Waddilive)
CEI Emerging Disease Notices: PMWS / PDNS
Conference and meetings archive
Case Histories
Yorkshire Farm, UK - Mike Muirhead - Final Update, June 2002
Mike Muirhead's case history of a Yorkshire farm with PMWS and PDNS.
East Anglia Farm, UK - Philip Richardson
This paper charts the course and effects of the disease on a single herd as well as highlighting the economic impact.
Photographs
Clinical signs
Photos of the clinical signs that are seen generally in pigs with PMWS and PDNS. Includes skin lesions, enlarged lymph glands, wasting and dead pigs.
Post mortem (1)
Photos of the signs that are seen in post-mortem samples of pigs with PMWS and PDNS. Includes interstitial pneumonia, secondary bacterial infection, enlarged lymph nodes, oedema and intra cytoplasmic inclusions
Post mortem (2)
More Photos of the signs that are seen in post-mortem samples of pigs with PMWS and PDNS.


PMWS Research Archives

Published Wednesday, November 09, 2011: Virus Res. 2011 Nov 9. [Epub ahead of print]
A Nine-Base Nucleotide Sequence in the Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Nucleocapsid Gene Determines Viral Replication and Virulence.
Krakowka S, Allan G, Ellis J, Hamberg A, Charreyre C, Kaufmann E, Brooks C, Meehan B.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was retrospectively identified by serology in swine populations as an asymptomatic infection at least 25 years prior to the first reported case of PCV2-associated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). To investigate the sudden emergence of PMWS, viral sequences were amplified from frozen archived (1970-1971) porcine tissues and the complete genome of archival PCV2 was determined. The ORF1 gene product (viral DNA replicase) was homologous to contemporary PCV2 ORF1. In ORF2 (viral nucleocapsid gene) archival PCV2, a consistent linear nine-base sequence difference at base positions 1331 through 1339 was observed. The deduced amino acid sequence from these base changes alters the nucleocapsid conformation within the second immunogenic epitope from a hydrophobic (contemporary PCV2) to a hydrophilic (archival PCV2) configuration. To test the hypothesis that archival PCV2 was avirulent, cloned engineered archival and contemporary PCV2 genomes were constructed wherein the ORF1 gene was identical in each clone and the ORF2 gene (nucleocapsid protein) was sequence-identical in both clones except for the nine-base difference (bases 1331-1339), corresponding to archival and contemporary PCV2 viruses respectively. Clones were transfected into porcine kidney (PK) 15 cells and, after sequence confirmation, further passed in PK15 and 3D4/2 porcine alveolar macrophage cell cultures. Virulence trials in gnotobiotic piglets were conducted with cloned PCV2s. The data show that archival PCV2 is avirulent when compared to contemporary PCV2 and supports the hypothesis that the emergence of virulent contemporary PCV2 was a result of mutational events within this critical epitope after 1971.

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