Abortion

• Decreasing daylight length
• High air flow.
• Lack of boar contact
• Lameness
• Low feed levels
• Low intensity of light
• Low temperatures
• Low stocking density
• Poor building insulation
• Stress
• Trauma

Abscess

• Arthritis
• Bad slats
• Bullying
• Bursitis from trauma
• Bush foot from trauma
• Environmental trauma
• Faulty vaccination
• Fighting
• Poor concrete

Aggression

• A feature of cubicle houses
• Establishment of pecking order
• Uneven group mixing of sows

Arthritis

• Bullying
• Bush foot - poor concrete
• Fighting
• No bedding
• Leg weakness (OCD)

Bursitis

• Fighting
• Bullying
• Trauma

Bush foot

• Bad slats
• Concrete kerbs
• Poor concrete surfaces
• Trauma

Cystitis pyelonephritis

• Frozen pipes
• Leg weakness
• Poor access to water
• Slippery concrete surfaces
• Sows reluctant to drink
• Water shortage

Erysipelas

• Straw systems
• Wet feeding
• Wet pens

Fear and distress

• From bullying
• Mixing sows

Haematoma

• Vulval biting

Hygroma

• Pressure sores
• Trauma

Infertility

• High return rate and "not in pig" from aggression

Leg weakness (OCD)

Poor slippery floor surfaces

Water available at the front

Wet dunging areas

Wet lying areas

Young animals

Mastitis

• No bedding
• Poor concrete
• Poor hygiene
• Trauma
• Wet pens

Parasites

• Continuous access to faeces.
• Inability to remove faeces adequately

Prolapse rectum or vagina

• Badly designed tail gates
• Slippery floors

Shoulder sores

• Poor concrete surfaces
• Thin animals
• Trauma as animals rise

Thin sow syndrome

• Disease
• Draughts
• Low feed intake
• Low house temperatures
• Parasite burdens
• Poor environments
• Poor nutrition

Vulval biting

• Occurs towards the latter end of pregnancy

Vulval discharge

• Dirty weaning pens
• Dirty wet boar pens
• Wet defecating areas