Abortion

• Cold wet conditions
• Draughts
• Feed intake
• Heat stress
• Parasites
• Poor nutrition
• Season
• Sunlight

Agalactia

• Faulty nutrition
• Frozen or inadequate water supplies

Clostridial infections

• No vaccination

Erysipelas

• Exposure to the organism and failure to vaccinate

Infertility

• Fighting
• Hot weather
• Lack of adequate wallows
• Lame boars
• Overuse of boars (especially young ones)
• Shortage of shade
• Trauma to the boar's penis

Haemorrhage from the penis

• Associated with the sandy soils

Lameness

• Bad feet
• Flint land
• Mycoplasma
• Leg weakness (OCD)
• Wet land

Leptospirosis

• Associated with the constant exposure of sows to
• contaminated wallows or water
• Exposure to rodents

Loss of body condition

• Associated with the leaner genotype that is used
• as a terminal sire
• Inadequate feed
• Poor feed presentation
• Poor parasite control

Mortality (piglets)

• Bad management
• Cannibalism
• Crows
• Foxes
• Poor bedding
• Poor environment
• Sloping floors

Parasites

• Continual exposure to eggs and larvae particularly the stomach, nodular and lung worms
• No worming programme
• Old pastures

Sunburn

• Lack of shelter
• No wallows
• White breeds