What’s in a name? Understanding how flu viruses are identified can help fine-tune swine vaccine strategies
4 March 2021
7 minute read
By: 
© Zoetis
© Zoetis
© Zoetis
© Zoetis
| References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Rajao DS, Vincent AL, Perez DR. Adaptation of Human Influenza Viruses to Swine. Front. Vet. Sci., 2019 Jan 22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00347 | ||||
| 2 Nelson MI, et al. Introductions and evolution of human-origin seasonal influenza a viruses in multinational Swine populations. J Virol. 2014;88:10110-9. 10.1128/JVI.01080-14 | ||||
| 3 Scholtissek C. Pigs as ‘mixing vessels’ for the creation of new pandemic influenza A viruses. Med Principles Pract. 1990;2:65-71. | ||||
| 4 Zhou NN, et al. Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs. J Virol. 1999;73:8851-6. | ||||
| 5 Rajao DS, Vincent AL, Perez DR. Adaptation of Human Influenza Viruses to Swine. | ||||
| 6 Understanding Evolution. Clades definition. University of California, Berkley. https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/search/imagedetail.php?id=260&topic_id=&keywords=#:~:text=Image%20caption%3A,branch%20make%20up%20a%20clade. (Accessed Sept. 29, 2020) | ||||
| 7 Ibid. | ||||
| 8 Anderson TK, et al. A Phylogeny-Based Global Nomenclature System and Automated Annotation Tool for H1 Hemagglutinin Genes from Swine Influenza A Viruses. Ecolog Evolut Sci. Published online 2016 Dec 14. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00275-16. | ||||
| 9 Types of Influenza Viruses. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/types.htm#:~:text=Influenza%20A%20viruses%20are%20divided,N1%20through%20N11%2C%20respectively). (Accessed Sept. 29, 2020) | ||||
| 10 Ibid. | ||||
| 11 Zhou NN, et al. Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs. | ||||
| 12 Karasin AI, et al. Genetic characterization of H1N2 influenza A viruses isolated from pigs throughout the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:1073-9. 10.1128/JCM.40.3.1073-1079.2002. | ||||
| 13 Anderson TK, et al. Population dynamics of cocirculating swine influenza A viruses in the United States from 2009 to 2012. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013;7(4):42-51. 10.1111/irv.12193 | ||||
| 14 Vincent AL, et al. Characterization of a newly emerged genetic cluster of H1N1 and H1N2 swine influenza virus in the United States. Virus Genes. 2009;39:176-85. 10.1007/s11262-009-0386-6. | ||||
| 15 Howden KJ, et al. An investigation into human pandemic influenza virus (H1N1) 2009 on an Alberta swine farm. Can Vet J. 2009;50:1153-61. | ||||
| 16 Rajao DS, et al. Novel reassortant human-like H3N2 and H3N1 influenza A viruses detected in pigs are virulent and antigenically distinct from swine viruses endemic to the United States. J Virol. 2015;89:11213-22. 10.1128/JVI.01675-15 | ||||
