Outbreaks of tail-biting occur in intensive pork production when a pig bites or chews on another pigs tail leading to a wound and bleeding. This abnormal social behaviour is usually associated with deficiencies in the pigs environment, management or nutrition.

To solve a tail-biting problem promptly remove and treat the tail-bitten pig(s). Then review the following questions and determine the most likely causes. If tail-biting continues check other likely causes until the problem disappears.

Environmental Causes of Tail-Biting

• Is the building temperature appropriate for the age and weight of the pigs?
• Is the ventilation system functioning properly?
• Are pigs following appropriate dunging behavior?
• Is the building air quality (ammonia and hydrogen sulphide levels) satisfactory?
• Are pens dry?

Management Causes of Tail-Biting

• Are pigs overcrowded?
• Can pigs lie comfortably?
• Has mixing of pigs between pens occurred?
• Is the electrical supply properly grounded and stray voltage eliminated?

Nutritional Causes of Tail-Biting

• Was the feed properly formulated for levels of salt and other vitamins and minerals?
• Are there a sufficient number of drinkers with adequate flow rate per pen?
• Is there adequate feeder space?

October 2008